Which condition is characterized by rapid, shallow breathing?

Hyperventilation is characterized by rapid, shallow breathing, which leads to an increased rate of ventilation that exceeds the body's production of carbon dioxide. This condition often results from anxiety, emotional distress, or certain medical conditions and can lead to symptoms such as dizziness, tingling in the extremities, and a feeling of lightheadedness.

In contrast, asthma involves episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, and coughing due to constricted airways, while respiratory arrest is a complete cessation of breathing. Chronic bronchitis, part of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), typically presents with a productive cough and increased mucus production rather than rapid, shallow breaths. Thus, hyperventilation stands out as the condition that most accurately describes the pattern of rapid and shallow breathing.